Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxoov ntxoo ntawm PV Arrays: Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsawg Loss
Txheeb xyuas PV shading poob thiab cov tswv yim txo qis siv ib nrab ntawm -cov qauv ntawm tes, MPPT taug qab, thiab MLPE rau kev siv hluav taws xob thiab C&I tej yaam num.
Mismatch Poob Mechanics hauv Shaded PV Arrays
Ib nrab shading ntawm lub photovoltaic (PV) array qhia txog cov fwj hauv zos tam sim no uas cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov hlua tawm. Thaum ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes nyob rau hauv ib lub koob -txoj hlua txuas tau ntsib kev txo qis ntawm irradiance-txawm yog los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem, plua plav, lossis huab npog- nws cov duab photocurrent poob proportionally:
Vim hais tias cov hlwb hauv ib txoj hlua sib koom ua haujlwm tam sim no, cov xov tooj ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo yuav rov qab los -kev tsis ncaj ncees. Cov hlwb uas tsis yog- ntxoov ntxoo quab yuam tam sim no los ntawm lub cell txwv, ua rau lub zog dissipation nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub:
Qhov no lub zog dissipation ua rau hotspot tsim, muaj peev xwm EVA encapsulant degradation, thiab thermal stresses uas cuam tshuam module ntev. Tshaj li lub cev degradation, ib nrab shading hloov qhov I-V thiab P-V yam ntxwv nkhaus ntawm cov array. Hloov chaw ntawm ib qho Ntiaj Teb Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij (GMPP), shading tsim ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv zos (LMPPs). Tus qauv siab tshaj plaws lub zog taw tes taug qab (MPPT) algorithms feem ntau tau daig hauv LMPP, ua rau cov txiaj ntsig txhua xyoo los ntawm 10% mus rau ntau dua 30% nyob ntawm txoj hlua layout thiab inverter tswj firmware.
Cov Qauv & Circuit Court Mitigations: Bypass Diodes vs. Module-Qib Fais Fab Electronics
Txhawm rau txo qis hluav taws xob poob, PV tsim tsim siv cov diodes sab hauv bypass diodes, ib nrab -txiav cell architectures, thiab sab nraud Module-Level Power Electronics (MLPE).
Cov qauv qub faib tag nrho - cov cell loj rau hauv peb cov kab substrings, txhua qhov tiv thaiv los ntawm Schottky bypass diode. Thaum shading poob ib substring tam sim no hauv qab txoj hlua kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no, lub diode ua rau pem hauv ntej -biased, bypassing ntu ntu. Thaum qhov no tiv thaiv hotspots hnyav, nws poob qhov tso zis voltage ntawm lub module los ntawm 33% ib tug nquag diode.
Ib nrab-txiav cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis hloov pauv qhov kev hloov pauv no los ntawm kev faib cov qauv rau hauv ob qhov sib npaug sib npaug. Kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm ib nrab ntawm tam sim no ($ I / 2$), kev poob qis hauv lub cev ($ I^2R$) poob los ntawm 75%. Ua ke nrog kev sib cais- cov thawv sib txuas, shading nyob rau sab sauv ib nrab ntawm ib qho ntsug module tawm hauv qab ib nrab ua haujlwm ntawm 100% muaj peev xwm.
|
Parameter / Feature |
Standard Full -Cell Module |
Ib nrab -Cut Cell Module |
Module-Level Optimizer (MLPE) |
|
Circuit Court layout |
60/72 hlwb nyob rau hauv series |
120/144 ib nrab-cells (2 parallel sub- hlua) |
Module-theem DC-DC converter |
|
Bypass Diode suav |
3 Schottky Diodes |
3 Schottky Diodes (plit J-box) |
Integrated rau optimizer circuitry |
|
Shading Loss Mitigation |
Substring offline (33-100% poob rau ib lub vaj huam sib luag) |
Cov zis ib nrab khaws cia (50% tso zis ntawm ntsug ntxoov ntxoo) |
Independent impedance txuam (0% mismatch spillover) |
|
Internal Power Poob (I2R) |
Lub hauv paus (I2R) |
Txo los ntawm 75% (I/2)2R |
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus incremental DC conversion poob (~0.5%) |
|
CAPEX cuam tshuam |
Lub hauv paus |
Tsawg heev (+2% rau +5% ib watt) |
Nruab nrab (+10% rau +18% ib watt) |
|
LCOE cuam tshuam |
Lub hauv paus |
1.5% - 3.0% Txo |
3.5% - 6.0% Txo hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo |
Advanced Array Optimization thiab LCOE Impact
Niaj hnub nimno array engineering sib txuas ua ke dynamic MPPT taug qab algorithms nrog rau cov tswv yim lub cev tso rau kev khaws cia Levelized nqi hluav taws xob (LCOE).
Dynamic MPPT Tracking Algorithms
Tus qauv perturb-thiab- soj ntsuam (P&O) MPPT algorithms nquag kaw rau hauv Lub Zos Lub Zog Tshaj Lij Tshaj Plaws (LMPPs) thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Advanced inverters ua tiav tag nrho - nkhaus voltage swipes ntawm configurable intervals (piv txwv li, txhua txhua 5 mus rau 15 feeb). Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua tiav ntawm Voc mus rau Vmpp, lub inverter txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb Ntiaj Teb Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij (GMPP), rov qab mus txog 5% ntawm lub zog yields txwv tsis pub poob rau hauv qhov chaw shading nyuaj.
Ntse Array Layout Design
Txoj hlua mapping dictates shading resiliency. Kev teeb tsa cov hlua kab rov tav es tsis yog vertically ua raws li kab - mus rau - kab inter- kab shading kom ntseeg tau tias raws li tus duab ntxoov ntxoo txav hla lub hauv paus array, nws cuam tshuam tsuas yog ib txoj hlua ib ntu ntawm ib qho module hla kab hauv qab. Vertical stringing, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, poob tag nrho cov hlua offline ib txhij.
Kev Tswjhwm Zoo, Kev Nyuaj Siab Thermal, thiab Kev Ua Raws Cai
Ib nrab shading hnyav ua rau cov thermomechanical hnav ntawm PV laminates. Kev tswj kom zoo thiab cov qauv ntawv pov thawj ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm 25 mus rau 30 xyoo kev ua haujlwm.
IEC 61215 Thermal Stress & Hotspot Test:Modules raug yuam rov qab- kev ntsuas kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas thermal kom paub meej tias bypass diode thermal dissipation tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb yam tsis muaj degrading encapsulants.
Electroluminescence (EL) Kev Tshuaj Xyuas:Tshaj tawm - tsim EL duab qhia txog micro- tawg ua ntej xa mus. Micro- tawg nyob rau hauv shading tej yam kev mob yuav cais cov active cell cheeb tsam, tsim localized siab -cov hnab ris tiv thaiv uas bypass diodes daws tsis tau.
Bypass Diode Thermal Management:Cov thawv sib txuas zoo siv cov thawv ntim nrog cov khoom siv cua sov los ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus tom ntej- kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv shading yam tsis muaj cua sov khiav.
Cov Lus Nug Txog Technical (PAA)
Yuav ua li cas ib nrab - cell PV modules tswj kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntug hiav txwv dej lossis siab - cov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo hnyav?
Nyob rau hauv siab -cov dej qab ntsev ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ib puag ncig, ntxoov ntxoo-induced reverse bias tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog -induced degradation (PID) thiab hauv zos thermal stress. High- cov qauv qhia tshwj xeeb txo qhov no los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke IP68 potted junction boxes vaj tsev bypass diodes nrog qis rau pem hauv ntej-voltage-poob Schottky teeb meem. Ua ke nrog ob npaug - iav encapsulation thiab tiv thaiv -PID hnub ci hlwb, lub thermal dissipation thaum lub sij hawm shading tseem qis dua qhov tseem ceeb degradation pib, tiv thaiv cov dej noo ingress thiab corrosion nyob ib ncig ntawm cov thawv sib cais.
Cov txheej txheem ntim khoom tseem ceeb thiab kev thauj mus los yog dab tsi los tiv thaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo-mob micro- tawg thaum lub sij hawm ntev - thauj mus los?
Micro- cracks hnyav hnyav zog poob nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo. Export- qib ntim khoom siv ntsug thav duab- ntug kev thauj khoom hauv hnyav- lub luag haujlwm honeycomb cartons nrog kaum cushions thiab nqus tsev vacuum- sealed anti- zaj duab xis zoo li qub. Pallets tau ntxiv dag zog nrog txoj hlua hlau ntsug thiab dynamic vibration dampers kom dhau ISTA 3E kev simulation kev sim, tiv thaiv micro- pob txha hauv cell interconnections ua ntej xa mus rau qhov chaw.
Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm thiab kev coj ua - lub sijhawm txwv rau kev cai OEM / ODM module thav duab thiab junction box configurations rau ntxoov ntxoo arrays?
OEM/ODM customizations-xws li ua ntej-wired module-theem optimizers, kev cai cable ntev rau toj roob hauv pes stringing, los yog hloov thav duab slot profiles-xav tau 4 mus rau 6-lub lim tiam engineering qauv validation voj voog. Cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov kev ncua deb hauv cov thawv sib txuas kev cai kom ua raws li IEC 61730 cov qauv kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau cov ntawv pov thawj diode thermal dissipation txwv nyob rau hauv 100% nruam rov qab-tam sim no kev tsis ncaj ncees.
Hu rau peb pab pawg engineering rau kev kho 5MW PV system layout thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws BOM hauv 48 teev.
